Skip to content
4.13

Filing your own tax return

Gather every tax slip first, file by the deadline even if you owe, and use a free option if you qualify.

Top view of a hand holding a pen over paper income tax forms on a wooden desk next to a keyboard
Photo: Polina Tankilevitch / Pexels
Area: MoneyFrom age 19Time to learn: 2 to 3 hours the first time

You will be able to file a basic income tax return yourself in the US or Canada.

SafetyScammers pretend to be the IRS and the CRA. If you get a call, text or email demanding payment by gift card, crypto or wire transfer, hang up and contact the agency through its official website.

Why it matters

Filing is how you get refunds and many credits and benefits, and filing late can add penalties and interest. Free filing help exists in both countries. In Canada, free clinics alone helped more than 900,000 people file in 2025.

In 2025, Canada's free tax clinics helped 926,710 people file 1,069,420 returns, worth about $2.58 billion in refunds, credits and benefits.
Source: Canada Revenue Agency, Free tax clinic statistics, 2026.Measured

How to do it

  1. Collect your documents: income slips (US: W-2 and 1099 forms; Canada: T4, T4A, T5 and others), records for things like tuition or childcare, last year's return, and bank details for direct deposit.
  2. Choose a free option in the US if you qualify. For the 2026 filing season: IRS Free File guided software if your adjusted gross income (AGI) was $89,000 or less, or Free File Fillable Forms at any income.
  3. Or use a free US volunteer site. Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) generally serves people earning about $70,244 or less, and Tax Counseling for the Elderly (TCE) helps people 60 and older. These limits change each year.
  4. In Canada, use CRA-certified software that files through NETFILE (some is free), or a free tax clinic if you have a modest income and a simple tax situation.
  5. Enter each slip exactly as printed. The software does the math and checks for common credits.
  6. Answer every question about dependants, school, moves and benefits; the answers can change what you get back.
  7. Review the summary: total income, and tax owed or refund. If a number looks wrong, check that you entered each slip once.
  8. File electronically and save the confirmation. In most US states you also file a state return. In Canada your provincial return is part of the same filing, except in Quebec, which has its own.
  9. Meet the deadline. US: April 15. An extension (Form 4868) gives you until October 15 to file, but tax owed is still due April 15. Canada: April 30, or June 15 if you or your partner are self-employed, but any balance owing is still due April 30.
  10. Pay any amount owed by the due date, or ask the IRS or CRA about a payment plan.
  11. Keep copies of your return and slips. The IRS and CRA can ask to see them years later.

Common mistakes

  • Filing before all your slips have arrived.
  • Not filing because you cannot pay. File on time anyway and arrange payment.
  • Paying for software when a free option fits.
  • Ignoring a letter from the IRS or CRA.
You can do this when …you have filed your own return on time and can explain where your refund or balance owing came from.

Sources

  1. IRS: IRS Free File
  2. IRS: Free tax return preparation (VITA and TCE)
  3. Canada Revenue Agency: Important dates for individuals
  4. Canada Revenue Agency: Free tax clinics

Sources and numbers last checked . How we check

All lessons

← 4.12 previous lesson: What is a contingent beneficiary, and how to name one · 4.14 → next lesson: How retirement accounts save you tax
1Body16 lessons
  1. 1.1Washing your hands properly
  2. 1.2Getting water out of your ear
  3. 1.3Brushing your teeth for two minutes
  4. 1.4Riding a bike
  5. 1.5Getting up off the floor without your hands
  6. 1.6Slow breathing to calm down
  7. 1.7How to put in a tampon
  8. 1.8How often should you wash your hair
  9. 1.9Reading a nutrition label
  10. 1.10Sleeping with your phone outside the bedroom
  11. 1.11Doing 10 full push-ups
  12. 1.12How to stretch your hip flexors
  13. 1.13How to swaddle a newborn, and when to stop
  14. 1.14Reading a prescription label
  15. 1.15Booking a doctor's appointment and describing symptoms
  16. 1.16Knowing your blood pressure
2Mind15 lessons
  1. 2.1Staying with boredom
  2. 2.2Naming what you feel
  3. 2.3Grounding yourself after a fright
  4. 2.4Letting someone see you upset
  5. 2.5What to wear to a funeral, where to sit, and what to say
  6. 2.6What to write in a sympathy card
  7. 2.7Focusing for 25 minutes
  8. 2.8How to stop overthinking
  9. 2.9The 988 crisis line
  10. 2.10Changing your mind when the evidence changes
  11. 2.11The 7 stages of grief, and why grief comes in waves instead
  12. 2.12Telling a friend you're not okay
  13. 2.13Knowing when stress needs professional help
  14. 2.14Building a habit by tying it to an old one
  15. 2.15Spending an evening alone without screens
3People17 lessons
  1. 3.1Introducing yourself and asking a question back
  2. 3.2Asking a question in front of a group
  3. 3.3Apologising properly
  4. 3.4Disagreeing without insults
  5. 3.5Writing a clear email, subject line to sign-off
  6. 3.6Comforting someone who is crying
  7. 3.7What to say to someone who lost a loved one
  8. 3.8Saying no without an excuse
  9. 3.9Phoning a business
  10. 3.10How to burp a newborn
  11. 3.11Asking for consent
  12. 3.12Resigning from a job in writing
  13. 3.13Answering interview questions with the STAR method
  14. 3.14Walking into a room of strangers
  15. 3.15How to write an obituary
  16. 3.16Speaking up in a meeting
  17. 3.17Pausing an argument
4Money17 lessons
  1. 4.1Counting back change
  2. 4.2Comparing unit prices
  3. 4.3Endorsing and depositing a check
  4. 4.4How do you write a check
  5. 4.5Setting up direct deposit with a void check
  6. 4.6Why minimum payments cost so much
  7. 4.7The rule of 72
  8. 4.8What does APR mean on a credit card
  9. 4.9Making a monthly budget
  10. 4.10Reading a contract to find how to cancel
  11. 4.11What is a high yield savings account
  12. 4.12What is a contingent beneficiary, and how to name one
  13. 4.13Filing your own tax return · You are here
  14. 4.14How retirement accounts save you tax
  15. 4.15Index funds and why fees matter
  16. 4.16Ask for a raise with a number
  17. 4.17Know how long your savings would last
5Safety17 lessons
  1. 5.1Call 911 and give your location
  2. 5.2Plan two ways out in a fire
  3. 5.3Sheltering from a tornado: watch vs. warning
  4. 5.4The five water survival skills
  5. 5.5Test a smoke alarm and change its battery
  6. 5.6Cool a burn with running water
  7. 5.7AED pad placement: how to use an AED
  8. 5.8Carbon monoxide detector beeping: what it means and what to do
  9. 5.9Put out a pan fire with a lid
  10. 5.10How is a fire extinguisher used? The PASS method
  11. 5.11Stop heavy bleeding
  12. 5.12The recovery position
  13. 5.13Spot a stroke and call 911
  14. 5.14Hands-only CPR
  15. 5.15Help a choking adult
  16. 5.16Respond to an opioid overdose with naloxone
  17. 5.17When can an infant car seat face forward
6Information16 lessons
  1. 6.1Work out a tip in your head
  2. 6.2Why gift card payment means scam
  3. 6.3Wrong number text scam, and how to spot other scam texts
  4. 6.4How to turn off location on iPhone and Android
  5. 6.5Working out percent change
  6. 6.6Spot a phishing message
  7. 6.7How to block spam calls on iPhone and Android
  8. 6.8Turn on two-factor login for email
  9. 6.9How to check if your phone is hacked
  10. 6.10Trace a claim before you share it
  11. 6.11Check an AI chatbot's answer
  12. 6.12Spot a bar chart that exaggerates
  13. 6.13Hang up on a 'bank' caller
  14. 6.14What never to paste into an AI chatbot
  15. 6.15Self-reported vs measured numbers
  16. 6.16Relative risk vs absolute risk
7Kitchen17 lessons
  1. 7.1How to set a table
  2. 7.2Cracking an egg cleanly
  3. 7.3Following a recipe and measuring accurately
  4. 7.4Using an oven safely
  5. 7.5How to tell if an egg is bad
  6. 7.6Boiling an egg to the yolk you want
  7. 7.7How to cook rice on the stove
  8. 7.8How long is cooked chicken good for in the fridge
  9. 7.9Chopping an onion with the claw grip
  10. 7.10Storing raw meat safely in the fridge
  11. 7.11Reading food date labels
  12. 7.12How to thaw chicken fast
  13. 7.13How to season cast iron
  14. 7.14Cooking chicken to a safe temperature
  15. 7.15Five dinners you can cook from memory
  16. 7.16Planning a week of dinners with one shopping trip
  17. 7.17Cooking dinner for six, all ready at once
8Home17 lessons
  1. 8.1Making a bed with tucked corners
  2. 8.2Removing sticker residue
  3. 8.3Cleaning a toilet properly
  4. 8.4How to clean a shower
  5. 8.5How to get blood out of clothes
  6. 8.6Laundry symbols: how to read a care label
  7. 8.7Doing a load of laundry
  8. 8.8Cleaners you must never mix
  9. 8.9How to get rid of fruit flies
  10. 8.10Unblocking a toilet with a plunger
  11. 8.11Resetting a tripped breaker
  12. 8.12Building a 72-hour emergency kit
  13. 8.13Shutting off the water
  14. 8.14Reading a utility bill
  15. 8.15How to clean a dryer vent
  16. 8.16Recording a rental's condition on move-in day
  17. 8.17Splitting chores with a housemate
9Hands18 lessons
  1. 9.1Tying shoelaces that stay tied
  2. 9.2How to wrap a present
  3. 9.3Addressing an envelope
  4. 9.4Tying a square knot (reef knot)
  5. 9.5How to tie a clove hitch
  6. 9.6Reading a tape measure
  7. 9.7Hammering a nail in straight
  8. 9.8How to fix a separated zipper
  9. 9.9Sewing on a button that stays on
  10. 9.10Tying a bowline
  11. 9.11How to remove a stripped screw
  12. 9.12Hanging a heavy picture securely
  13. 9.13Tying a four-in-hand necktie knot
  14. 9.14How to put air in tires
  15. 9.15How to change windshield wipers
  16. 9.16Checking the oil and other fluids under the hood
  17. 9.17Assembling flat-pack furniture
  18. 9.18Changing a flat tire

Find a lesson

Spot an error? Tell us

General education, not medical, legal or financial advice.

From undertaught.com/manual/file-your-taxes. Free, sourced lessons for every skill at undertaught.com/manual.